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American Heart Association

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Final ID: 4369378

Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Electrocardiographic Phenotyping Unveils Novel Lethal Cardiovascular & Sudden Death Risk Signatures in Traditionally Low Risk Populations

Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): Background: Cardiovascular mortality risk prediction traditionally relies on standard modifiable risk factors (smurfs) including hypertension, diabetes, smoking and cholesterol. However, patients without smurfs, so-called “smurfless” individuals, also face substantial cardiovascular risk that is poorly identified by current models.

Objectives: We evaluated the ten year prognostic utility of the embedded survival Contrastive Augmentation by Patient Electrocardiogram (esCAPE) model for predicting cardiovascular mortality, particularly in traditionally low risk smurfless populations.

Methods: CAPE, a pre-trained AI-enhanced ECG model from over six million multicontinental ECGs, was embedded with a survival architecture (esCAPE) using a time-to-event loss. Internal validation included 10-year predictions for cardiovascular death and secondary lethal events (heart failure, stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction) in the BIDMC dataset (n=62,613). Cox models with esCAPE scores were evaluated using C-index and NRI compared to SCORE2 & PREVENT. Echo-wide association studies identified structural correlates of high esCAPE scores.

Results: esCAPE achieved a C-index of 0.834 for cardiovascular mortality, with equivalent or better performance in smurfless individuals (C-index: 0.846). Predictive performance declined stepwise with more smurfs (down to 0.734 for four smurfs). esCAPE significantly improved discrimination when added to SCORE2 and PREVENT (NRI 0.48 & 0.57 in smurfless cohort). Echo-wide analysis showed high-risk esCAPE scores correlated with larger ventricular size, lower ejection fraction, and higher right-sided pressures in both smurfless and smurf groups. Secondary lethal endpoints had C-indices ranging 0.769-0.876, with 0.826 for sudden cardiac death.

Conclusions: esCAPE offers a precise, low-cost, non-invasive cardiovascular risk prediction tool with particularly strong, additive performance in smurfless individuals. Following external validation, it may support prospective clinical integration for preventive strategies in both high- and low-risk patients.
  • Barker, Joseph  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Syan, Jasjit  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Jenkins, Alex  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Ribeiro, Antonio  ( Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden )
  • Annis, Jeffrey  ( Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee , United States )
  • Camelo, Lidyane  ( Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil )
  • Oliveira, Clara  ( Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil )
  • Paixao, Gabriela  ( Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil )
  • Brant, Luisa  ( Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil )
  • Ribeiro, Antonio  ( Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil )
  • Ge, Junbo  ( Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China )
  • Fathieh, Sina  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Kramer, Daniel  ( Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts , United States )
  • Waks, Jonathan  ( Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts , United States )
  • Brittain, Evan  ( Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee , United States )
  • Peters, Nicholas  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Figtree, Gemma  ( University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia )
  • Khattak, Gul Rukh  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Sau, Arunashis  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Ng, Fu Siong  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Pastika, Libor  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Birdi, Aidan  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Zeidaabadi, Boroumand  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Patlatzoglou, Konstantinos  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Liang, Yixiu  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Aggour, Hesham  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • El-medany, Ahmed  ( Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom )
  • Author Disclosures:
    Joseph Barker: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Jasjit Syan: No Answer | Alex Jenkins: No Answer | Antonio Ribeiro: DO have relevant financial relationships ; Advisor:einthoven.ai :Active (exists now) | Jeffrey Annis: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Lidyane Camelo: No Answer | Clara Oliveira: No Answer | Gabriela Paixao: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Luisa Brant: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Antonio Ribeiro: No Answer | Junbo Ge: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Sina Fathieh: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Daniel Kramer: No Answer | Jonathan Waks: No Answer | Evan Brittain: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Nicholas Peters: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Gemma Figtree: DO have relevant financial relationships ; Other (please indicate in the box next to the company name):CDA Frontiers Pty Ltd - CSO:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):NSW Health:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Janssen Pharmaceutical:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia):Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Heart Research Australia:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Heart Foundation:Active (exists now) ; Other (please indicate in the box next to the company name):CSL - Personal Fees:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Sanofi:Active (exists now) ; Other (please indicate in the box next to the company name):Abbott Diagnostic - Grants:Active (exists now) ; Other (please indicate in the box next to the company name):Australian Cardiovascular Alliance - President:Active (exists now) ; Other (please indicate in the box next to the company name):Prokardia Pty Ltd - Founding Director and CMO:Active (exists now) | Gul Rukh Khattak: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Arunashis Sau: DO have relevant financial relationships ; Other (please indicate in the box next to the company name):Inventor on patent relating to AI methods:Active (exists now) ; Ownership Interest:Cardiovolt.ai:Active (exists now) | Fu Siong Ng: No Answer | Libor Pastika: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Aidan Birdi: DO have relevant financial relationships ; Researcher:British Heart Foundation:Expected (by end of conference) | Boroumand Zeidaabadi: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Konstantinos Patlatzoglou: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Yixiu Liang: No Answer | Hesham Aggour: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Ahmed El-Medany: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
Meeting Info:

Scientific Sessions 2025

2025

New Orleans, Louisiana

Session Info:
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