Abstract Body: Introduction: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with high Body Mass Index (BMI) increasingly recognized as a significant modifiable risk factor.
Method: Using the global burden of disease study 2021, we estimated the burden of IHD attributable to High BMI in G20 Countries by age,, sex, year, and location across the G20 in the last 3 decades.
Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized DALY rate for IHD attributable to high BMI in G20 countries increased by 37%, rising from 250 DALYs per 100,000 in 1990 to 343 per 100,000 in 2021. This burden varied significantly across countries, with the highest rates observed in the United States and India, reporting 520 and 480 DALYs per 100,000, respectively, in 2021. In contrast, Japan and Italy reported the lowest rates, with approximately 180 and 200 DALYs per 100,000. Mortality rates attributable to high BMI also rose in countries like Brazil and South Africa, with an increase from 120 to 185 deaths per 100,000 over the study period. The prevalence of high BMI-related IHD cases increased by 45% across the G20, with an estimated 25 million cases in 2021, compared to 17 million in 1990. Gender-specific data indicated that men experienced a greater burden, with 58% of the total DALYs in 2021 attributed to males, though female rates increased more rapidly over the study period, particularly in countries like China and Saudi Arabia. The sharpest increases in DALYs per capita occurred in developing G20 economies, where high BMI prevalence grew in tandem with urbanization and changes in dietary patterns.
Conclusion: This study underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions in G20 countries to mitigate high BMI and reduce the associated IHD burden. Our findings support policies aimed at promoting healthier dietary habits, increasing physical activity, and addressing urban lifestyle risk factors to combat the escalating burden of IHD attributable to high BMI in these economically influential nations.