Abstract Body: Background:
Hypertensive diseases (HD) remain a persistent contributor to cardiovascular mortality among women in the USA. Despite national efforts to improve BP control, long-term mortality patterns in women reveal disparities that are often masked in sex-aggregated data.A focused analysis is essential to guide gender-responsive public health strategies.
Method:
We utilized the CDC WONDER underlying Cause of Death database to examine age-adjusted mortality rates due to HD among U.S. women(1990-2020). Annual Percentage Change(APC) was calculated using log-linear regression models.Temporal patterns were further analyzed across race,age,and region to identify disparities & shifts in mortality burden.
Result:
Between 1999 and 2020,total deaths due to HD rose from 25,803 to 61,574,reflecting an annual increase of 3.37%,while the age-adjusted mortality rate climbed from 15.2(95% UI:15.0–15.4) to 25.5(25.3–25.7) per 100,000, with an APC of 1.56%.From 1999-2020, the highest rise in mortality was observed in hypertensive heart and renal disease with Congestive HF (APC: +18.09%),followed by unspecified hypertensive heart and renal disease (+10.96%), while essential hypertension showed a steady increase (APC: +3.43%). In terms of Census region, the highest rise observed in the Northeast (APC: +1.82%), followed by the Midwest (+1.67%), West (+1.45%), and South (+1.33%). From 1999 to 2020, HD mortality rose among Hispanic or Latino (APC: +1.06%) and Not Hispanic or Latino populations (APC:+1.67%). Based on 2013 urbanization level, highest increased observed in NonCore Nonmetro areas (APC:+2.76%) and Micropolitan regions (+2.11%), followed by Medium Metro (+1.74%), Small Metro (+1.73%), Large Fringe Metro (+1.38%), and Large Central Metro (+1.23%). Based on racial groups, the highest rise observed among American Indian or Alaska Native (APC: +2.66%) and White populations (+2.05%), a modest increase in Asian or Pacific Islanders (+0.65%), while a slight decline was observed in Black or African Americans (APC: −0.44%). In terms of age group, highest rise observed in the 55–64 years (APC: +5.53%),65–74 years (+4.03%), and 85+ years (+3.89%), while a slight decline was noted in the 15–24 years group (APC: −0.58%).
Conclusion:
From 1999-2020,HD mortality in women rose substantially, with sharp increases in deaths tied to cardio-renal complications, older age, and rural settings.These trends demand urgent,targeted strategies to mitigate future burden and close emerging disparities.