Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): Background:
Acute myocardial infarction complicated by acute respiratory failure significantly worsens patient outcomes and remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in the United States. This study aims to analyse the nationwide mortality trends due to acute MI and acute respiratory failure from 1999 to 2020 and to identify disparities across different demographics.
Methods:
We utilized death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database, encompassing ICD-10 codes for acute myocardial infarction (I21.0, I21.1, I21.2, I21.3, I21.4, I21.9) and acute respiratory failure (J96.0) for individuals aged ≥25 years from 1999 to 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population, annual percentage change (APC), and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Data were further stratified by demographics and geographical regions. The Joinpoint software was used to analyze temporal trends in age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR).
Results:
From 1999 to 2020 a total of 61213 deaths were recorded due to acute myocardial infarction and acute respiratory failure in patients ≥ 25 years of age. The overall AAMR increased from +0.43 to +3.07 between 1999 to 2020 with a significant rise from 2005 to 2020 (APC: 12.06 95% Cl: +10.83 to +13.30). Males had higher mortality than females between 1999 to 2020 (Overall Males AAMR: 1.63 vs. females AAMR: 1.02). AAMRs were highest among NH Black or African American (1.384) patients followed by Hispanic or Latino(1.376), NH White (1.293), NH American Indian or Alaska Native (1.274) and NH Asian or Pacific Islander (1.12).The highest AAMR was observed in the southern region during the period from 1999 to 2020 (AAMR: 1.49). Stratified by States, AAMR was found to be highest in Kentucky (AAMR: 2.67) and lowest in Alaska (AAMR: 0.53)
Conclusion:
An overall rise has been observed in acute MI and acute respiratory failure related mortality, with a greater surge from 2005 to 2020. Higher AAMR was observed in Males and Southern region. The need for healthcare policy changes, especially in areas with high mortality and awareness of healthier lifestyle factors, can be an essential preventative measure to help mitigate growing mortality rates.