Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here):
Introduction:
T2* cardiac MRI (CMR) is the standard for detecting hemorrhagic myocardial infarction (MI). However, the conventional T2* CMR (2D breath-held, ECG-gated, multi-gradient-echo T2*) can suffer from limited spatial resolution and multiple motion artifacts. We developed a time-efficient, fully ungated, free breathing, 3D T2* mapping method for detecting and characterizing hemorrhagic MI (hMI).
Methods:
Our approach, developed using a low-rank tensor framework, was tested in a canine model with reperfused hMI. Animals (n=5) underwent CMR 3 days after reperfusion. Short-axis, conventional 2D and proposed 3D T2*-w images, and the corresponding LGE images were acquired in a 3T CMR system. T2* maps (8 echoes, 1.41-15.44 ms) were constructed using mono-exponential fitting. IMH extent was determined by measuring the weighted sum of the imaging slices with hypointense regions (based on ‘mean-2SD’ criterion) within the LGE positive territories. Image quality was assessed by two CMR experts using a Likert scale (1 – poor; and 5 - excellent).
Results:
Figure 1 shows representative conventional 2D, proposed 3D T2* images, along with LGE image for reference. T2* image scores were higher with the proposed than the conventional approach: 3.5 ± 0.5 (conventional) vs 3.8 ± 0.3 (proposed), p<0.05. IMH extent measured using the two approaches provided equivalent IMH extent (see Fig. 2) under stable imaging conditions.

Conclusions:
The proposed 3D T2* mapping can provide much needed improvement in image quality compared to conventional 2D T2* CMR for detection of hemorrhagic MI without the need for breath holding or cardiac gating, both of which are known problems in acute MI patients. Provided imaging conditions are favorable, we also found that the proposed and conventional methods yield equivalent estimates of IMH extent. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of the proposed approach in clinical setting.