Sex, Race and Rural-Urban Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Mortality Rates Among Younger and Older Diabetic Adults; Data from CDC Wonder 1999-2020
Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is an established risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Current data suggests that mortality risk of AMI in diabetics remains significantly higher than non-diabetics. Therefore, we aim to examine the trends in AMI-related deaths among younger and older diabetic adults in the United States from 1999 to 2020.
Methods: We used CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) to access mortality data from 1999 to 2020. AMI and T2DM-related deaths, age ≥ 35 years, were identified from multiple causes of death and were represented as age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 population using ICD codes for AMI including (I21.0-I21.9, I22.0-I22.1, I22.8-I22.9) and T2DM (E11.0-E11.9). Joinpoint regression was used to examine trends and annual percentage change (APC) overall and stratified by sex, race, and rural-urban distribution.
Results: Between 1999-2020, 164,260 individuals died from AMI and T2DM with an overall AAMR of 43.2 (95% CI: 43, 43.4). AAMRs related to AMI and T2DM modestly increased from 42 in 1999 to 46.8 in 2005 (APC 2.84, 95% CI: 0.1, 8.43), followed by a significant decline to 38.8 in 2014 (APC -1.95, 95% CI: -4.17, -1.29), with subsequent significant increment to 52.2 in 2020 (APC 4.26, 95% CI: 2.73, 6.90). Men had higher AAMRs when compared to women (AAMRs men: 57.2; women: 32.5). After an initial rise from 1999-2003 in men and 1999-2005 in women, AAMRs declined in both men and women till 2014 (AAMRs men: 52; women: 28.3), followed by a significant rise till 2020 (AAMRs men: 71.5; women: 36.3). Among the race groups, AAMR was highest in American Indian or Alaska Natives (75.8), followed by Hispanics (56.4), Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks (54.5), NH Whites (NHWs) (40.8), and lastly Asian or Pacific Islanders (38.2). According to the rural-urban classification, non-metropolitan areas demonstrated higher AAMRs than metropolitan areas (AAMRs: non metropolitan: 57.2; metropolitan: 40.3).
Conclusion: Lesser urbanization, men, and American Indian or Alaska Natives are associated with higher mortality rates. Further in-depth research is needed to comprehend the underlying mechanisms interlinking AMI and T2DM and provide tailored interventions for mortality reduction among patients with concomitant AMI and T2DM.
Ali, Eman
( Dow medical College
, Karachi
, Pakistan
)
Latif, Fakhar
( Dow medical College
, Karachi
, Pakistan
)
Samad, Muhammad Ammar
( Dow medical College
, Karachi
, Pakistan
)
Afzal, Urwah
( Dow medical College
, Karachi
, Pakistan
)
Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad
( King Edward Medical University
, Lahore
, Pakistan
)
Ahmad, Adeel
( Mass General Brigham-Salem Hospital
, Salem
, Massachusetts
, United States
)
Rehman, Wajeeh
( UHS
, Johnson city
, New York
, United States
)
Alim Ur Rahman, Hafsah
( Dow medical College
, Karachi
, Pakistan
)
Dani, Sourbha
( LAHEY HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
, Burlington
, Massachusetts
, United States
)
Author Disclosures:
Eman Ali:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
| Fakhar Latif:No Answer
| Muhammad Ammar Samad:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
| Urwah Afzal:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
| Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
| Adeel Ahmad:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
| Wajeeh Rehman:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
| Hafsah Alim Ur Rahman:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
| Sourbha Dani:DO NOT have relevant financial relationships
Ali Manzer, Umar Haddaya, Nazir Tahira, Nizam Muhammad, Steafo Lark, Sharif Ayesha, Jehangir Hanzala, Arham Muhammad, Hamza Anfal, Hassan Arbaz, Amjad Ans, Ali Iman, Zuha Zuha