Abstract Body: Introduction: Hypertension is a global health concern due to its progressive complications, especially cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has gained popularity in the lay press based on a variety of scientic studies. The incorporation of omega-3 supplementation in patients with hypertension is an area that could benefit from further research. This systematic review aims to explore the impact of omega-3 supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive patients with/without conventional antihypertensive therapy.

Hypothesis: Omega-3 supplementation may lead to an additional reduction in blood pressure in patients with hypertension, irrespective of antihypertensive medication use.

Methods: Evidence from existing meta-analyses and systematic reviews that investigated the effects of omega-3 supplementation on blood pressure were evaluated. Studies with medications including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and/or diuretics were evaluated. Articial intelligence soware was used for parts of data gathering and information organization.

Results: Addition of omega-3 supplementation does lead to minimal reduction in blood pressure measurements. This effect is more pronounced in patients not on antihypertensive therapy, while the effect is less pronounced in patients already on antihypertensives. Subgroup analysis showed that older adults and patients with higher baseline blood pressure exhibited greater blood pressure lowering benets with omega-3 supplementation.

Conclusions: Omega-3 supplementation does offer a minor blood pressure-lowering benefit for patients who have hypertension and are on antihypertensives. This effect is more pronounced in patients who are not on antihypertensive therapy. Since the effect is relatively small, it would be inappropriate for omega-3 supplementation to replace conventional treatment. Further research is warranted to clarify optimal dosage and patient population before incorporating omega-3 supplementation into an antihypertensive regimen. In conclusion, omega-3 supplementation may be considered as a complementary strategy in patients who have hypertension, however conventional antihypertensives should remain the cornerstone of management.