Household Education Is Associated with Barriers for Children Walking and Biking
Abstract Body: Introduction Walking and biking promote cardiovascular health. Children may have limited opportunity to walk/bike depending on the neighborhood environment, which plausibly differs by household education level. This study estimates the national prevalence of adult-reported neighborhood characteristics that impact walking/biking for children by household education.
Methods Data from the sample child 2024 National Health Interview Survey was analyzed. An adult caregiver from a household with at least one child between the ages of 6-17 years was asked: Where the child lives, 1) are there walkable/bikeable routes? 2) Are there parks/playgrounds close enough for the child to walk/bike to? 3) Does traffic and 4) crime make it unsafe for the child to walk/bike, even with an adult? Adults who answered these questions and had complete data for highest household education level and child age, race/ethnicity, and sex were included for analysis (n=5,747).
Highest household education level was categorized: less than high school (P<0.05) and pairwise testing (Bonferroni corrected P<0.0083) were used to determine differences in the prevalence of neighborhood characteristics by household education.
Results Overall, adults report 88.7% (95% CI: 87.6%–89.7%) of children lived near walkable/bikeable routes and 72.9% (71.1%–74.8%) lived close enough to walk/bike to a park/playground (Table). Children in P< 0.001) or crime (27.5% [21.4–33.7%] vs. 6.8% [5.7–7.9%], P< 0.001).
Conclusions Most US children have a walkable/bikeable route or a park/playground near home; however, traffic and crime may limit safe walking/biking, with significant differences between households with lowest and highest education levels. In conclusion, these national estimates show proximity to routes/parks alone may not provide children opportunities for safe walking/biking. Strategies such as Safe Routes to School that can simultaneously address traffic (e.g. separating pedestrians from vehicles) and crime (e.g. street lighting) may increase opportunities for all children to walk/bike, supporting cardiovascular health and healthier lifestyle choices.
Macleish, Heather
(
Centers for Disease Control
, Atlanta , Georgia , United States )
Nakayama, Jasmine
(
Centers for Disease Control
, Atlanta , Georgia , United States )
Stowe, Ellen
(
Centers for Disease Control
, Atlanta , Georgia , United States )
Whitfield, Geoffrey
(
Centers for Disease Control
, Atlanta , Georgia , United States )