Abstract Body: Background: Kidney stone disease (KSD) is linked to chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Both short and long sleep duration have been associated with these conditions, but their relationship with KSD is unclear. We examined the association between sleep duration, an indicator of sleep health, and the risk of KSD.

Hypothesis: Both short and long sleep duration are associated with higher risk of KSD.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Sleep ancillary study, conducted at Exam 5 (2010-2012), with kidney stone data collected by self-report at Exams 5 and 6 (2016-2018). Sleep duration, measured by wrist actigraphy, was categorized as short (<6 hours/night), medium-short (≥6 to <7 hours/night), medium-long (≥7 to <8 hours/night), and long (≥8 hours/night). The medium-long group served as the reference category. Incident KSD was defined as a first kidney stone between Exams 5 and 6; recurrent KSD was defined as a stone in this interval plus a prior stone before Exam 5. Multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was used to estimate risk ratios (RR).

Results: Of 1,557 participants with complete actigraphy and KSD data, 151 reported KSD at Exam 6. In a fully adjusted multivariable model, long sleep duration was associated with higher risk of a kidney stone at follow-up (RR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.35; Table 1). This association was also statistically significant for incident KSD (RR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.04-4.10), but not statistically significant for recurrent KSD (RR 1.52, 95% CI: 0.92-2.51).

Conclusion: Long sleep duration was associated with incident kidney stones in this study. This finding aligns with evidence linking long sleep duration to adverse health outcomes. Future studies are needed to confirm this finding and explore underlying mechanisms.