Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): Introduction

One of the main causes of renal disease, in which the kidneys are unable to function properly, is
hypertension. Over time, uncontrolled hypertension can harm the fragile blood vessels in the kidneys,
resulting in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and eventually end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this study,
we examined the trends of hypertension-related ESRD mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2022
and determined the disparities between various epidemiological groups.

Methods

Our study conducted an in-depth search of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-
Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research (CDC Wonder) database and retrieved data on
hypertension-related end-stage renal disease mortality from 1999 to 2022. Age-adjusted mortality rates
(AAMR) per 100,000 individuals and associated annual percent changes (APC) for the overall study
population were calculated using Joinpoint Regression Analysis. The data was further stratified into
epidemiological groups of age, gender, ethnicity, and census region.

Results

A total of 938,095 deaths occurred from hypertension-related end-stage renal disease. It was observed that
the overall AAMR for hypertension-related ESRD increased from 1999-2022 with a fixed APC of 9.08.
The populations with the highest mortality rates were males, African Americans, non-Hispanics, and the
age group of over 85 years. Region-wise analysis gave variable trends in the AAMR (Overall APC:
Northeast: 8.42, Midwest: 10.29, West: 9.04, and South: 12.80 from 2011-2022).

Conclusion

In the US, the mortality rates from hypertension-related ESRD have shown a constant incline. The need
for additional research and action is highlighted by persistent differences in mortality that are related to
geography and demographics.