Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here):
Background
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a severe form of peripheral artery disease characterized by chronic ischemic rest pain, non-healing wounds, or gangrene in one or both legs. With prevalence rates of 1-2% in the United States (increasing with age, with over 20% of adults over 70 diagnosed with CLTI) and 1-year mortality rates approaching 20-25%, CLTI is a critical public health issue due to its significant impact on patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resources.

Aims
To understand if disparities exist between rural and urban inpatient outcomes for patients with CTLI.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2021 was conducted to identify patients admitted with CLTI according to ICD-10 codes. Patients were stratified by rural and urban status, followed by propensity-matched analysis to compare inpatient outcomes between these groups.

Results
A total of 2,667,279 patients with CLTI, with 445255 (16.7%) categorized as rural status and the remaining 83.3% categorized as urban status, were included in this study. Patients belonging to rural status had an increased odds of in-hospital mortality (aOR)=1.35; 95% CI 1.26-1.45; p<0.001), in-patient sudden cardiac arrest (aOR=1.27; 95% CI=1.13-1.43; p<0.001), cerebrovascular accidents (aOR=1.31; 95% CI=1.19-1.45; p<0.001), venous thromboembolism (aOR=1.18; 95% CI=1.09-1.27; p<0.001), surgical site infection (aOR=1.25; 95% CI=1.16-1.35; p<0.001), requirement for vasopressors (aOR=2.02; 95% CI=1.76-2.32; p<0.001), invasive (aOR=1.18; 95% CI=1.10-1.26; p<0.001) and non-invasive (aOR=1.37; 95% CI=1.25-1.50; p<0.001) mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis (aOR=1.11; 95% CI=1.06-1.15; p<0.001), major amputation (aOR=1.38; 95% CI=1.32-1.43; p<0.001), surgical revascularization (aOR=1.53; 95% CI=1.46-1.60; p<0.001), endovascular revascularization (aOR=1.53; 95% CI=1.46-1.60; p<0.001), and blood transfusion (aOR=0.92; 95% CI=0.88-0.97; p=0.001). No difference was observed in the odds of acute myocardial infarction (aOR=1.06; 95% CI=0.99-1.14; p=0.082) and risk of acute kidney injury (aOR=0.99; 95% CI=0.96-1.02; p=0.485).

Conclusions
Disparities in CLTI outcomes are evident, with patients from rural areas experiencing worse outcomes than their urban counterparts. Future research should focus on understanding the underlying causes of these disparities and developing targeted interventions to bridge the gap between rural and urban health care outcomes.