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American Heart Association

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Final ID: MDP1650

Reduced BMPR2 in Monocytes De-represses HERV-K and Sustains Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): BACKGROUND & RATIONALE: Human endogenous retroviral (HERV) elements are embedded in 8% of our genome. They remain quiescent but can be transiently activated by viral infection to induce an interferon (IFN) response. In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), HERV-K expression is elevated in myeloid cells, and thus can promote inflammation observed in pulmonary arteries (PAs) with progressive obstructive remodeling. PAH is linked to a mutation or a decrease in BMPR2 expression which our laboratory has recently shown in monocytes (MONO). HERVs are silenced by SUMOylated (S) TRIM28 (KAP1, a methylase) and SPEN (a histone deacetylase) factors that are also sequestered by the lnc RNA XIST which is increased in females to inactivate the extra X-chromosome. When TRIM28 is phosphorylated (P) by DNA-PK, it loses methylase activity and can act as a transcription factor. HYPOTHESIS: Reduced BMPR2 in MONO results in DNA-PK mediated P-TRIM28 causing demethylation of XIST targets (X-related genes) and HERV-K thus increasing their expression. Competitive SPEN binding to the increased XIST also de-represses HERV-K. APPROACH: We used THP-1 MONOs with BMPR2 shRNA and induced pluripotent stem cell (i) MONOs derived from BMPR2 mutant PAH patients and assessed HERV-K, XIST, IFNs and related our findings to DNA-PK–P-TRIM28 and sequestration of SPEN. RESULTS: XIST and HERV-K mRNA were significantly elevated in THP-1 MONOs with shBMPR2 vs. shControl and in PAH-iMONO vs. control iMONO based on gender. Reduced BMPR2 also increased IFN genes. These findings were consistent with nuclear DNA-PK and P-TRIM28 shown to bind in affinity purification mass spectrometry analysis. Bisulfite conversion assay demonstrated decreased methylation of HERV-K in BMPR2-deficient MONOs attributed to a reduction in the methylase S-TRIM28. RNA-IP in THP-1 MONOs with shBMPR2 vs. shControl indicated increased binding of XIST with TRIM28 and SPEN, suggesting a competitive reduction in binding to HERV-K. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of BMPR2 increases XIST and HERV-K in MONO related to DNA-PK induced P-TRIM28 and reduced methylase S-TRIM28. Increased HERV-K may also be a function of the increase in XIST sequestering its deacetylase SPEN. These molecular features underlie a chronic HERV-K-IFN inflammatory response in PAH. They may explain the female predisposition to PAH, because the increase in XIST in females heightens the propensity to activate HERV-K-IFN signaling and chronic inflammation in PAs infiltrated by MONO.
  • Adil, Mir  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Cao, Aiqin  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Lago-docampo, Mauro  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Zhang, Chongyang  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Rabinovitch, Marlene  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Author Disclosures:
    Mir Adil: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Aiqin Cao: No Answer | Mauro Lago-Docampo: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Chongyang Zhang: No Answer | Marlene Rabinovitch: DO have relevant financial relationships ; Consultant:Merck:Active (exists now) ; Consultant:tiakis:Active (exists now) ; Advisor:AMGEN:Active (exists now) ; Consultant:Pfizer:Past (completed)
Meeting Info:

Scientific Sessions 2024

2024

Chicago, Illinois

Session Info:

The Next Frontier: Novel Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension

Monday, 11/18/2024 , 09:30AM - 11:00AM

Moderated Digital Poster Session

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