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American Heart Association

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Single cell variant to enhancer to gene map for coronary artery disease

Abstract Body: Although genome wide association studies (GWAS) in large populations have identified hundreds of variants associated with common diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Most variants lie within non-coding regions of the genome, rendering it difficult to determine the downstream causal gene and cell type. Here, we performed paired single nucleus gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiling from 44 human coronary arteries. To link disease variants to molecular traits, we developed a meta-map of 88 samples and discovered 11,182 single-cell chromatin accessibility quantitative trait loci (caQTLs). Heritability enrichment analysis and disease variant mapping demonstrated that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) harbor the greatest genetic risk for CAD. To capture the continuum of SMC cell states in disease, we used single cell caQTL modeling for the first time in tissue to uncover QTLs whose effects are modified by cell state and expand our insight into genetic regulation in heterogenous cell populations. We identified a variant in the COL4A1/COL4A2 CAD GWAS locus which becomes a caQTL as SMCs de-differentiate by changing a transcription factor binding site for EGR1/2. To unbiasedly prioritize functional candidate genes, we built a genome-wide single cell variant to enhancer to gene (scV2E2G) map for human CAD to link disease variants to causal genes in cell types. Using this approach, we found several hundred genes predicted to be linked to disease variants in different cell types. Next, we performed genome-wide Hi-C in 16 human coronary arteries to build tissue specific maps of chromatin conformation and link disease variants to integrated chromatin hubs and distal target genes. Using this approach, we show that rs4887091 within the ADAMTS7 GWAS locus modulates function of a super chromatin interactome through a change in a CTCF binding site. Finally we used CRISPR interference to validate target candidate genes. Collectively we provide a disease-agnostic framework to translate human genetic findings to identify pathologic cell states and genes driving disease, producing a comprehensive scV2E2G map with genetic and tissue level convergence for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies.
  • Amrute, Junedh  ( Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , United States )
  • Ramste, Markus  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Cheng, Paul  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Zhao, Quanyi  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Miller, Clint  ( University Of Virginia , Charlottesvle , Virginia , United States )
  • Hall, Ira  ( Yale , New Haven , Connecticut , United States )
  • Gupta, Rajat  ( Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , United States )
  • Haldar, Saptarsi  ( Amgen , S San Fran , California , United States )
  • Lavine, Kory  ( Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , United States )
  • Jackson, Simon  ( Amgen , San Carlos , California , United States )
  • Andersson, Robin  ( University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark )
  • Lee, Paul  ( Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , United States )
  • Engreitz, Jesse  ( Stanford University , Stanford , California , United States )
  • Foo, Roger  ( National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore )
  • Li, Chi-ming  ( Amgen , South San Francisco , California , United States )
  • Ason, Brandon  ( Amgen , S San Fran , California , United States )
  • Quertermous, Thomas  ( Stanford University , Stanford , California , United States )
  • Stitziel, Nathan  ( Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , United States )
  • Eres, Ittai  ( Amgen , San Francisco , California , United States )
  • Lee, Chang Jie Mick  ( National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore )
  • Bredemeyer, Andrea  ( Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , United States )
  • Sheth, Maya  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Yamawaki, Tracy  ( Amgen , San Francisco , California , United States )
  • Qiu, Wei-lin  ( University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark )
  • Li, Daniel  ( Stanford University , Palo Alto , California , United States )
  • Author Disclosures:
    Junedh Amrute: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Markus Ramste: No Answer | Paul Cheng: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Quanyi Zhao: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Clint Miller: No Answer | Ira Hall: No Answer | Rajat Gupta: No Answer | Saptarsi Haldar: No Answer | Kory Lavine: DO have relevant financial relationships ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Amgen:Active (exists now) ; Consultant:SUN/SPARC:Active (exists now) ; Consultant:Medtronic:Active (exists now) ; Consultant:Implicit:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Implicit:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Bitterroot:Active (exists now) ; Research Funding (PI or named investigator):Novartis:Active (exists now) | Simon Jackson: No Answer | Robin Andersson: No Answer | Paul Lee: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Jesse Engreitz: DO NOT have relevant financial relationships | Roger Foo: No Answer | Chi-Ming Li: No Answer | Brandon Ason: No Answer | Thomas Quertermous: No Answer | Nathan Stitziel: No Answer | Ittai Eres: DO have relevant financial relationships ; Employee:Amgen:Active (exists now) | Chang Jie Mick Lee: No Answer | Andrea Bredemeyer: No Answer | Maya Sheth: No Answer | Tracy Yamawaki: No Answer | Wei-Lin Qiu: No Answer | Daniel Li: No Answer
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