Abstract Body: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the prevalence of early-onset hypertension (EHT) within the US population.
Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was utilized for this cross-sectional analysis. Weighted logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounding variables, were employed to determine the association between blood VOC concentrations and EHT prevalence. The combined impact of exposure to multiple VOCs was assessed using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analysis.
Results: Statistically significant, independent associations were observed between elevated blood VOC concentrations and increased EHT prevalence. Each unit increase in the WQS index was associated with a 91% increased risk of EHT (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.54-2.16, P < 0.01). Among the VOCs studied, 2,5-dimethylfuran demonstrated the highest weight in the WQS model. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear, positive correlation between blood 2,5-dimethylfuran levels and EHT probability, with the risk of EHT increasing by 37% (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18-1.59) for each additional unit (10^-1 ng/mL) of 2,5-dimethylfuran. This association between 2,5-dimethylfuran exposure and EHT remained consistent across various statistical models and demographic subgroups, with more pronounced effects observed in individuals with lower body mass index and smokers.
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential role of 2,5-dimethylfuran exposure in the development of EHT. These findings emphasize the need to consider 2,5-dimethylfuran exposure in public health initiatives aimed at mitigating the rising prevalence of EHT. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association and investigate the long-term health consequences of 2,5-dimethylfuran exposure in young adults.