Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): Background: α1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3), high sensitivity C-reactive proten (hsCRP) and Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) are acute phase proteins triggered by inflammation. Hepatocytes are a primary source of SERPINA3 and CRP, while PTX3 is produced by a variety of tissues including endothelial cells. These inflammatory markers are upregulated after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Comparisons of their long-term prognostic value in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients by gender are scarce. We aimed to assess their long-term prognostic utility in females and males, respectively, hospitalized for chest pain of suspected coronary origin.
Methods: A total of 871 consecutive patients (39.0% females) with a median age of 72.6 years (females 77.3, males 69.1) were admitted in the study. Of these, 386 were diagnosed with an acute MI based on Troponin-T (TnT) levels >50 ng/L. Stepwise Cox regression models, applying normalized continuous log_e/SD values, were fitted for the biomarkers with total mortality within 7 years as the dependent variable.
Results: At 7-year follow-up, 332 patients had died; 44.1 % females vs. 34.1 % males (χ²(1) = 9.368; p = 0.0022). Blood samples were available for analysis of SERPINA3, hsCRT and PTX3 in 847, 868 and 795 patients, respectively. There was no significant differences between the means of the sexes for SERPINA3 (p = 0.20), hsCRT (p = 0.84) and PTX3 (p = 0.068), respectively.
None of the biomarkers predicted long-term outcome in females after multivariable adjustment (p=0.92, p=0.40 and p=0.57, respectively), but were good predictors in males [SERPINA3: HR 1.34 (95%CI 1.16-1.56), p=0.00001. hsCRP: HR 1.19 (95%CI 1.02-1.38), p=0.027. PTX3: HR 1.22 (95%CI 1.04-1.44), p=0.018]. Furthermore, the p-values for interaction would suggest a gender difference in the prognostic weighting, favoring SERPINA3 (p=0.015) and to a lesser degree hsCRP (p=0.074) and PTX3 (p=0.14).
Conclusion; SERPINA3, hsCRT and PTX3 are good predictors of long-term all-cause mortality in males admitted with chest pain of suspected coronary origin, but were not shown to predict outcome among females of that population. The prognostic utility of the studied inflammatory biomarkers may essentially be related to males.