Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): Background: A bimodal P wave in lead II reflects left atrial remodeling and is described as a notched P wave. A notched P wave is usually defined as a dip over the smallest unit of electrocardiography (ECG) recording paper, 40 ms, but automated analysis of ECGs has shown that even a notch of 20 ms is associated with cardiovascular events. A notched P wave is also known to predict atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation. However, the relationship between automatically assessed notched P waves and new-onset AF and ischemic stroke in patients without documented AF has not been clarified.
Hypothesis: A notched P-wave by digital ECG analysis was associated with both new-onset AF and ischemic stroke.
Methods: We enrolled 4,216 subjects from the Cardiovascular Prognostic Coupling Study in Japan (Coupling Registry) who had one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Twelve-lead electrocardiography was conducted, and the peak-to-peak distance in the M shape was calculated automatically using a 12-lead ECG analysis system. We compared two definitions: P-waves defined as “notched” at the the peak-to-peak (“M shape”) distance in lead II of ≥20 ms or ≥40 ms. New-onset AF was confirmed through routine medical care as well as annual ECGs. We defined the primary endpoint as new-onset AF and the secondary endpoint as ischemic stroke.
Results: The mean follow-up period was 53 ± 17 months, during which 17 AF cases developed. When a notched P-wave was defined as ≥20 ms (n = 319), it was a significant predictor of both new-onset AF (hazard ratio [HR] 2.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–6.01, p=0.004) and ischemic stroke (HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.56–5.83, P=0.001). A notched P-wave defined as ≥40 ms (n = 63) was also a predictor of new-onset AF (HR 4.57; 95% CI:1.42–14.71, p = 0.011) and ischemic stroke (HR 3.84, 95% CI 1.20–12.29, P=0.024).
Conclusions: A notched P-wave by digital ECG analysis was associated with ischemic stroke as well as the new-onset AF.