Abstract Body (Do not enter title and authors here): Background:
Arrhythmia is always a concern in oncological treatments. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, enhancing the immune system's ability to combat malignancies. They are being more frequently used, revealing a range of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aims to investigate the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients receiving Pembrolizumab.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, focusing on reports submitted between 2006 to 2024. Cases involving patients treated with ICs were identified, and information related to cardiac arrhythmias was extracted using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Patients ≥ 18 years of age treated with ICIs were included in this study. A disproportionality analysis was conducted to identify arrhythmia events associated with pembrolizumab by comparing it with other immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, ipilimumab, and atezolizumab) and the entire FAERS database using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC).
Results:
A comprehensive analysis of 61,236 reported cases of pembrolizumab use revealed a total of 3,901 cases with cardiac complications. Among these, 672 cases (17.22 %) of arrhythmias were reported, with 452 individuals (67.26%) requiring hospitalization and 172 cases (25.59%) resulting in fatalities.
Atrial fibrillation emerged as the most prevalent arrhythmia (49.7%). The occurrence of ventricular tachycardia with an ROR of 1.67 (1.18–2.35) and an IC of 0.44 (0.01–1.46) and complete atrio-ventricular block with an ROR of 1.57 (1.19–2.08) and an IC of 0.40 (0.04–1.24) were statistically significant. The reported arrhythmias associated with pembrolizumab are tabulated in Table 1. The majority of events were reported in males, as shown in Figure 1.
Conclusion:
This research offers significant insights into the connection between ICIs and cardiac arrhythmias, utilizing real-world data from the FAERS database. Healthcare providers should monitor cardiac events in patients receiving ICIs and aim to achieve a balance between anticancer effectiveness and cardiovascular safety. Further investigation is necessary to better understand the underlying mechanisms of arrhythmia and enhance risk stratification strategies for this specific patient group.